What is a Child Arrangements Order (CAO)?
A Child Arrangements Order is a legal ruling by the Family Court in England and Wales that determines where a child lives and how much time they spend with each parent. To apply for this order, you must typically complete a C100 form.
The order replaced the previous 'residence order' and 'contact order' under the Children and Families Act 2014, and is now the standard way for separating parents to formalise arrangements for their children through the court system.
Before You Apply: The MIAM Requirement
In most cases, you must attend a Mediation Information and Assessment Meeting (MIAM) before applying to court. A MIAM is a meeting with a qualified family mediator who will explain how mediation works and whether it might be suitable for resolving your dispute.
The mediator confirms your attendance in the MIAM section of the C100, or you claim an exemption there (FPR r.3.7; PD3A paras 14, 18). Exemptions include evidence of domestic abuse, child protection enquiries, urgency, a MIAM attended in the last four months, and no local mediator available within 15 business days (FPR r.3.8).
The C100 Process & FHDRA Preparation
After submitting your C100 form, the first major step is the First Hearing Dispute Resolution Appointment (FHDRA). PD12B aims for the FHDRA ordinarily in week 5 after issue, and at the latest week 6 (para 14.1). At this stage, a judge and a Cafcass officer will review your case to see if an agreement can be reached safely. In Pathfinder pilot courts (PD36Z, running to 31 March 2027) there is no FHDRA; a Child Impact Report is prepared instead.
Cafcass will conduct safeguarding checks before the hearing. A Cafcass officer usually attends the FHDRA and works with the court to help you both resolve issues safely (PD12B para 14.11); Cafcass may already have spoken to each of you by phone (para 13.4). The judge will consider whether the case can be resolved at this stage or whether further hearings and reports are needed.
Key Documents for Your Family Court Bundle
To ensure your hearing runs smoothly, your court bundle should be well-organised and designed around Practice Direction 27A. A professional bundle demonstrates respect for the court's time and helps the judge understand your case quickly.
- The completed C100 application and any C1A (allegations of harm and domestic violence) form
- The MIAM section of the C100 (the mediator's confirmation or your exemption claim)
- Cafcass safeguarding letter and any Section 7 reports
- Witness statements and evidence regarding the child's welfare
- Position statements setting out your proposals for the child
- Any court orders already made in the proceedings


